Background The gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis is the isolation of a pathogen from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by culture or PCR. However, treatment is routinely commenced based on CSF ...

Neisseria meningitidis is remarkable for the diversity of interactions that the bacterium has with the human host, ranging from asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonisation affecting virtually all members ...

The hierarchy of evidence in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or treatments is explained, and the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, the randomised controlled ...

Many additives, some of which have no nutritional value, can be legally used in processed foods. They intensify colour, thicken, increase shelf life and enhance flavour. Regulatory authorities issue ...

Child marriage (marriage before age 18 years) is an internationally recognised health and human rights violation disproportionately affecting girls, globally. Although the practice of girl child ...

Background Increasing numbers of children and adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria/incongruence are being referred to specialist gender services. There are various guidelines outlining approaches ...

Background: Little has been published on gratification disorder (“infantile masturbation”) in early childhood. Aims: To expand on the profile of patients diagnosed with this condition. Methods: ...

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Maternal nutrition supplementation initiated before and early in pregnancy and discontinued at delivery did not improve cognitive, language, gross motor, fine motor, positive and ...

‘Fighting every day’: exploring caregiver quality of life and perspectives on healthcare services for children with dementia – a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study (19 January, 2025 ...

Introduction Children are at higher risk of medication errors due to the complexity of drug prescribing and administration in this patient group. Intravenous (IV) paracetamol overdose differs from ...

For anyone, undergoing surgery is stressful. For children on the autism spectrum, it can be even more traumatic. Sensory differences are present in the majority of children on the autism spectrum,1 ...

We read with interest the viewpoint article ‘Bed-sharing is a risk for sudden unexpected death in infancy’ written by David Tappin and his colleagues1 and feel the issues raised and some of the claims ...