Cytospora canker is most common on Colorado blue spruce, but can affect all spruce trees grown in Minnesota. The disease is common on large mature trees. Dead or dying branches are scattered ...

Rhizosphaera needle cast is caused by the fungus Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. The fungus survives winter on living and recently killed needles. In spring through early autumn, spores spread to new needles ...

While antibodies confirm exposure toS. neurona sometime in your horse’s life, they do not confirm disease. About 50 to 60 percent of horses have been exposed toS. neurona but only a few of them ...

How to identify Minnesota weeds: Photos and guidance to help crop producers identify annual grass weeds, annual broadleaf weeds and perennials.

Branch symptoms Black knot galls are most noticeable during fall and winter after all the leaves have fallen. Knobby, swollen black growths called galls grow along the length of stems and branches. In ...

Crop and field planning tools for vegetable farmers Postharvest handling of fruit and vegetable crops in Minnesota Preventing plant diseases on farms Minnesota fruit and vegetable growers manual for ...

Actions on the land, impacts in the water Water moves through a watershed according to the hydrologic cycle. Water on the surface of the land can either flow downstream through the watershed, soak ...

Bird's nest fungi Look like miniature bird's nests or cups. Shiny peridioles are nestled inside like eggs. Usually only 1/4 inch in height or diameter. Commonly light brown but may be white, gray, ...

What to do if strangles occurs Isolate all the horses with symptoms to one area. Use separate tools and grooming equipment in the isolation area. Completely clean all feed, manure and bedding from ...

Quick facts Ruminant stomachs have four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. Rumen microbes ferment feed and produce volatile fatty acids, which is the cow’s main ...

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is an adaptable shrub native to Minnesota with hardiness and wide tolerance to a variety of soil textures, densities, pH levels and moisture conditions. Because ...

How to grow potatoes in home gardens.Once the green shoots emerge, hill soil up along plants as they grow. Tubers will form on thin stems, also called stolons, which emerge from the main stems. The ...