Reading time: 1 minute Materials that are bound together with bitumen are called bituminous materials. The use of bituminous materials were initially limited to road construction. Now the applications ...

Mentioned below are the 12 basic components a building structure. Roof Parapet Lintels Beams Columns Damp proof course (DPC) Walls Floor Stairs Plinth Beam Foundation Plinth 1. Roof The roof forms the ...

Reading time: 1 minute There are various types of leveling used in surveying for measurement of level difference of different points with respect to a fixed point. This is useful in various civil ...

Reading time: 1 minute Construction tools list for building construction works such as concrete, brick masonry, leveling, wood works, floor works, slab works, brick laying, plastering etc. is provided ...

Reading time: 1 minute Types of Piles for Pile Foundation Based on Load Transfer and Function Classification of piles with respect to load transmission and functional behavior are: End bearing piles ...

Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of ...

Reading time: 1 minute There are different types of windows used in building construction to provide ventilation, and view. The selection of windows depends on many criteria. A window is a vented ...

Reading time: 1 minute What is a Foundation in Construction? Foundation is the lowest part of the building or the civil structure that is in direct contact with the soil which transfers loads from the ...

8. Construction Errors There are two common types of construction errors; the first one includes temporary protection measures during the construction phase, and the second one is the foundation work.

The factors affecting the permeability of the bituminous pavements are: Quantity of voids The void distribution size The void Continuity The figure-2 shows the variation of permeability in an asphalt ...

Reading time: 1 minute There are different types of construction contracts, and their comparison is presented in this article. A construction contract is an agreement between two or more parties to ...

5. WBM Roads Water Bound Macadam (WBM) roads contain crushed stone aggregate in its base course. The aggregates are spread on the surface and rolled after sprinkling water. WBM roads provide better ...