The study of human behavior traditionally focuses on the here and now. After all, people cannot take surveys or participate in experiments if they are not alive today. Here, we propose a way to ...

Mammalian organs, including the lung and the kidney, often use a branched design to maximize their functional capacity and efficiency. Lung formation requires two developmental processes: branching ...

Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) nursing a newborn. Image credit: Angela Stojan (University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria). Birth and maternal mortality in Japanese macaques The heads of fetuses in some ...

PNAS may distribute embargoed copies of an accepted article to the press prior to publication. Embargoes expire at 3:00 PM US Eastern time, Monday of the publication week. Authors may talk freely with ...

Journal Club posts are short news stories featuring a recent important, timely journal article selected by one of our Journal Club panelists, who are post-doctoral associates and graduate students in ...

As a signatory to the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, PNAS is invested in improving the evaluation of scholarly research outputs. We track a range of article and journal metrics, ...

This work is supported by US NIH grant DC006212 (P.H.S. and P.X.J.), NIH BRAIN (Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative grant 1R01NS118402 (P.X.J.), Research ...

Edited by Joseph Kieber, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; received July 29, 2024; accepted September 9, 2024 ...

Most humanists and scientists now agree that science is special in its relationship to the real world, more special than are other human activities—religion and politics, for instance. But ...

PNAS is one of the world's most-cited and comprehensive multidisciplinary scientific journals, publishing more than 3,500 research papers annually. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ...

For each novel β-defensin gene identified by using the hmmsearch program (described below), additional iterative blast searches were performed against the human and mouse databases to identify ...

Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins can enhance the speed and robustness of cell state transitions by controlling RNA stability, localization, or if, when, or ...