Background Associations between social factors and self-rated general health are well-established, and self-rated general health is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. However most studies ...

Background Inequalities over the life course may increase due to accumulation of disadvantage or may decrease because ageing can work as a leveller. We report how absolute and relative socioeconomic ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To study geographical differences in diastolic blood pressure and the influence of the social environment (census percentage of people with low educational achievement) on individual ...

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the major cause of death of postmenopausal women in industrialised countries. Although acute myocardial infarction (AMI) affects men in greater numbers, the ...

Introduction It is expected that the proximity to urban green spaces (UGS) and open sport spaces (OSS) can increase physical activity (PA), but their potential is not fully understood. Objective To ...

Background The secular trend of dementia incidence is an important input parameter in projecting the future burden of dementia in a population. The estimated disease burden informs health and social ...

Air pollution and equity Over the past decade, an ever increasing number of epidemiological studies have linked urban air pollution, particularly particulate matter, to increased risk for morbidity ...

Background Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis can cross the placenta, and could have long-lasting effects on the brain of the developing foetus. We examine whether exposure to these substances is ...

Results In unadjusted models, greater risk scores across the five domains were associated with increased risk of obesity-hypertension. For the NCDS, in adjusted models, there remained a significant ...

Background Community development engages local communities in work for positive social change, such as improving local services and infrastructure. Local government funding for community development ...

Background Investigating socioeconomic variation in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time is important as it may represent a pathway by which socioeconomic position (SEP) leads to ill health.

Methods The study population of this observational historic cohort study consisted of subjects with DM, who had purchased for at least one insulin prescription and/or one oral antidiabetic between ...